Resources
North Shore Economic Vitality Partnership:
Food Safety & More (Food and Farmers Series)
Produce GAPs Harmonized Food Safety Standard
Aquaponics Good Agricultural Practices Guidance
GoFarm Hawaiʻi AgBusiness Program
The GoFarm Hawaiʻi Ag Business Team helps new and existing agribusinesses. For more information call (808) 956-3530 or visit their website.
GoFarm Resources for Farmers & Value Added-Producers (PDF)
Free assistance to farmers and ranchers needing help in building their business (PDF)
Water Sampling & Testing Cheat Sheet
- Scope and Stringency
- Harmonized GAP (HGAP): Focuses on the fundamental principles of food safety, such as water testing, worker hygiene, and contamination prevention during the production, harvest, and post-harvest processes.
- Harmonized GAP+ (HGAP+): Builds on Harmonized GAP by incorporating requirements to meet the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) benchmarks, which are recognized internationally as a safety and quality higher standard. USDA HGAP+ is the only USDA GAP audit that meets GFSI technical equivalency.
- Market Acceptance
- Harmonized GAP (HGAP): Generally accepted in local and domestic raw produce markets.
- Harmonized GAP+ (HGAP+): Often required for international trade or by larger retailers and distributors that demand compliance with GFSI standards for raw produce.
- Auditing Requirements
- Harmonized GAP (HGAP): Relies on audits focused on U.S. regulatory requirements (e.g., FDA’s FSMA Produce Safety Rule).
- Harmonized GAP+ (HGAP+): Includes more rigorous and comprehensive audits, often requiring a third-party certification body accredited to GFSI standards.
- Documentation
- Harmonized GAP (HGAP): Requires documentation of standard practices but may be less demanding in terms of volume and specificity.
- Harmonized GAP+ (HGAP+): Calls for extensive documentation and record-keeping to demonstrate compliance with GFSI-aligned protocols.
- Cost
- Hawaii GroupGAP member operations pay a flat annual fee to participate in the GroupGAP program. These fees are used to pay audit expenses, provide training, manage each farm’s food safety documents, and pay the salaries of our professional staff. Program fees are heavily subsidized by sponsor and grant funds. Please inquire about the current fee.Outside of the GroupGap structure, costs related to specific audit schemes depend on factors such as auditor capacity and location, equitable access to technical assistance, availability of cost saving measures (such as support from Cooperative Extension Services, or a regional USDA GroupGAP program), and operation and auditor preparation.
- Global Compliance
- Harmonized GAP (HGAP): Focuses primarily on U.S.-based food safety regulations and standards (e.g., FDA’s FSMA Produce Safety Rule).
- Harmonized GAP+ (HGAP+): Aims to align with international food safety frameworks, making it suitable for global markets.
- Risk Assessment
- Harmonized GAP (HGAP): Addresses general risks in food safety, such as water and soil contamination.
- Harmonized GAP+ (HGAP+): Requires more detailed risk assessments and hazard analysis, similar to HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) principles.
Below we've tried to cover questions that we are often asked. If you do not see an answer to your question below, please contact us via our contact form and one of our staff will respond as soon as possible.
What's the difference between USDA GAP, USDA Harmonized GAP (HGAP), and USDA Harmonized GAP+ (HGAP+)
All GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) focuses on basic food safety principles like worker hygiene, water safety, and soil management. The standards typically used by smaller farms for local or regional markets include USDA GAP and USDA Harmonized GAP/+. USDA GAP is a basic audit that introduces farm food safety concepts but does not incorporate detailed risk assessment or align fully with FSMA guidance. Harmonized GAP (HGAP) streamlines food safety practices with standardized audits and documentation, aligning with U.S. regulations like FSMA, making it ideal for domestic markets. Harmonized GAP+ (HGAP+) builds on this by meeting the more stringent, globally recognized GFSI (Global Food Safety Initiative) standards, with additional requirements like detailed risk assessments and extensive documentation, making it essential for international trade or suppliers to major retailers.
**Hawaiʻi GroupGAP currently provides operations with assistance in meeting the compliance requirements of HGAP and HGAP+ only. **
How does GroupGAP work?
Through GroupGAP, our staff works with operations in both group and individual settings to identify risks, develop operation specific food safety plans, and put food safety training into practice.
Each year, all operations within the group receive two internal audits conducted by North Shore EVP staff; a subset of farms in the group will also receive a third party USDA audit. Over time all operations in the group receive a third party USDA audit.
Since initiating Hawaiʻi GroupGAP in 2017, we have grown our program locally and merged with GroupGAP farms and food hubs across 7 states. This approach enlarges the total number of farms in the group, connecting our food safety team and Hawaiʻi farmers to more technical assistance and guidance from food safety experts and practitioners across the nation.
Isn’t food safety certification difficult?
By standardizing the on-farm food safety training and documentation process our GroupGAP program builds a network of farms that share safety and quality standards. Through our training program we assist operations with record keeping, risk assessments, implementation of food safety practices, and document management. Our food safety team regularly networks with USDA and food safety professionals across the country to share best practices.This approach makes it easier than ever for your farm to become food safety certified
Is the organization just for Hawaiʻi?
Our GroupGAP training program is focused on serving farmers and aggregators across the state of Hawaiʻi. We work collaboratively with food safety professionals across the country to lower costs, enhance our knowledge and foster new opportunities for training and development.
What's the difference between GAP, Harmonized GAP, and Harmonized GAP+?
GAP (Good Agricultural Practices), Harmonized GAP (HGAP), and Harmonized GAP+ (HGAP+) are food safety and sustainability standards for farming, each with increasing levels of rigor. GAP provides general principles for safe and sustainable farming, focusing on worker hygiene, water use, and chemical handling. HGAP streamlines these standards into a unified framework aligned with the FDA’s Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). HGAP+ builds on this by incorporating stricter requirements to meet Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) standards, making it ideal for international trade and export. The choice depends on market needs, with HGAP suited for local markets and Harmonized GAP+ essential for nationwide retailers and global trade. Our GroupGAP program assists farmers with HGAP and HGAP+ training and certification.
I’m new to farm food safety! What records should I start with?
Congratulations on starting your farm’s food safety program! Keeping a few basic records is a great way to begin. Some simple records to start with include: restroom cleaning logs, cleaning and sanitizing logs, harvest logs, pesticide applications, and fertilizer applications.
How should I keep my food safety records?
There are several record keeping systems an operation can use. Traditional paper records stored in binders or file cabinets are difficult to organize and keep clean while working on site. Digital record keeping on Excel or Google Docs is a good alternative to paper records. Our GroupGAP program strongly recommends using or transitioning to the digital record keeping system HeavyConnect.
How much does it cost for a small farmer to become and stay food safety certified?
Generally, food safety certification costs can vary depending on an operation’s infrastructure, level of organization, preparedness, and length of audit. The Hawaiʻi GroupGAP program cost is a flat fee, assessed annually. It is currently heavily subsidized due to successful grant proposals and philanthropic donors. Our research indicates that the GroupGAP program is the best approach to keeping food safety certification costs as low as possible. While the cost may rise slightly over time, we are committed to making GroupGAP affordable for Hawaiʻi farmers. In our program, Hawaiʻi farmers receive technical assistance, training, and audit support each year as part of the annual flat fee.
How long is the HGAP/+ training and certification process?
For operations participating in our program the process may take anywhere from 6-12 months or more. Certification is achieved more quickly when the operation is organized, keeps records consistently, and engages in regular communication with staff to meet USDA requirements. Maintaining HGAP/+ certified status is a continual process of adhering to a farm food safety plan, completing records, and passing annual internal and external audits.
How long does a farmer have to stay in the GroupGAP program?
USDA food safety certification is renewed annually with a passing audit and maintenance of required records and documentation. An operation can remain in the group for as long as they wish to maintain their certification and take advantage of the benefits of GroupGAP. Operations with ongoing food safety lapses can be removed from the group.
Will your organization help with water quality issues?
North Shore EVP is committed to the success of our participating operations and will work with them to address any water quality issues that may arise. We encourage water quality testing for all farms, and assist GroupGAP members with determining frequency of testing and developing mitigation practices when necessary.
How can food safety certification help me?
North Shore EVP wants to help you access new markets. Food safety certification qualifies you to sell to commercial and institutional markets with third party audit requirements. Additionally, you may choose to continue selling to other markets such as CSAs or farmersʻ markets. Food safety certification allows you to choose from a variety of markets to sell in rather than being restricted to those with few or unclear quality and safety requirements.
Does North Shore EVP provide information to operations on what buyers are looking for?
Our food safety team has developed relationships with local buyers to facilitate new market access for growers. Our team is able to share information about what buyers are looking for and what they require (such as food safety certification and insurance), we also work to connect member operations to local buyers seeking certified products.
What is a food hub and how does one work?
A food hub is a business or organization that actively manages the aggregation, distribution and marketing of source-identified food products primarily from local and regional producers to strengthen their ability to satisfy wholesale, retail, and institutional demand. Food hubs purchase produce from local growers and fulfill high volume contracts with some buyers such as hotels and hospitals. A food hub with food safety certification will be able to supply both commercial and institutional markets, including schools.
How does the North Shore EVP business model compare with other food safety training models for producers and aggregators?
Our model is unique in Hawaiʻi although it is already a successful model in other areas of the country. As a non-profit organization our commitment is to empower farmers and communities across Hawaiʻi. Our food safety training and certification program, with producer and community support, can work to open new markets for operations, increase local food production, and create new jobs in agriculture across the State.
What is the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)?
Signed into law in 2011, the Food Safety Modernization Act is the most comprehensive U.S. food safety regulation overhaul since the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938. The law is intended to establish minimum standards for food safety practices and accompanying guidance to help keep the food supply safe. FSMA shifts the focus to proactively identifying hazards and preventing contamination rather than just responding to it. Rules and guidance were drafted by the governing authority, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with input from other government agencies, industry and the public.
What does FSMA cover?
FSMA covers the entire supply chain, including food defense and transportation, through seven (7) rules. Growing operations are most affected by the Produce Safety Rule (PSR) which includes standards on how fresh produce is grown and handled. FSMA covers the processing and manufacturing of food for human or animal consumption.
What kinds of businesses are affected by FSMA?
A business is likely to be affected by FSMA if it raises livestock, grows produce, processes, transports, or distributes food for human or animal consumption.
How do I know if my farm or business has to comply with FSMA?
If you operate a business that grows, handles, packs, processes, manufactures, or transports food, you may have to comply with FSMA. Exemptions exist for certain sized businesses (with documentation), and for some products that are not covered by the Produce Safety Rule. It is best to contact your local Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension agent, or food safety consultants to ask if you need to comply with FSMA and how to do so.
Engaging with Hawaiʻi GroupGAP and attaining USDA HGAP/+ food safety certification will help prepare a producer for a FSMA inspection, because the compliance requirements are aligned.
Do you offer training in languages other than English?
As of 2025, we have GroupGAP training materials available in Mandarin and Thai. Please contact us if you need an interpreter or would like to suggest translation into another language.
